Past perfect tense. Interrogative sentences

To be used when there is more than one action in the past.

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Past perfect tense. Interrogative sentences

Law

Instructions: Read the text. Look at the letters in bold.

Wladyslaw. (2009). Supreme Court of Canada. Wikimedia commons.

Had you known anything about the Law of Canada before this class started?

Yes, of course. The Constitution of Canada is the supreme law of the country, and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. The Constitution Act, 1867 (known as the British North America Act, prior to 1982), affirmed governance based on parliamentary precedent and divided powers between the federal and provincial governments. The Statute of Westminster 1931 granted full autonomy and the Constitution Act, 1982 ended all legislative ties to the UK, as well as adding a constitutional amending formula and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The Charter guarantees basic rights and freedoms that usually, cannot be over-ridden by any government – though a notwithstanding clause allows the federal parliament and provincial legislatures to override certain sections of the Chartes for a period of five years.

Canada. Retrieved and adapted January, 2017 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada

Getting started: The Indian Act

Instructions: Read the following information to do the activity suggested.

The Indian Act, various treaties and case laws were established to mediate relations between Europeans and native peoples. Most notably, a series of eleven treaties known as the Numbered Treaties were signed between Aboriginals in Canada and the reigning Monarch of Canada between 1871 and 1921. These treaties are agreements with the Canadian Crown –in-Council, administered by Canadian Aboriginal law, and overseen by the Minister of Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development. The role of the treaties and the rights they support were reaffirmed by Section Thirty-five of the Constitution Act, 1982. These rights may include provision of services, such as health care, and exemption from taxation. The legal and policy framework within which Canada and First Nations operate was further formalized in 2005, through the First Nations - Federal Crown Political Accord.

Canada. Retrieved and adapted January, 2017 from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada

The Numbered Treaties

Instructions: Select the correct answer for each question.

Yes, they had.No, they hadn't.

1. Had the Numbered treaties been signed with Aboriginals in Canada before the 19th century? _______________

2. Had the Numbered treaties been signed after the First Nations - Federal Crown Political Accord? _______________

3. Was the role of the treaties reaffirmed by Section 35 of the Constitution Act before the irst Nations - Federal Crown Political Accord? _______________

Let’s learn how to make questions in the past perfect tense

Instructions: Please read carefully the following text:

Remember: We use the Past Perfect Tense make it clear that one action happened before another in the past.

Example:

  • I had phoned you before you came to see me.
  • Joe had asked Jane to get married before she went away.

 

Look at the word order in the interrogative form:

Past PerfectSimple Past
Auxiliary HadSubjectVerb in Past ParticipleComplementBeforeSubjectVerb in pastComplement?
HadyoulefthomebeforeIgotthere?
HadMarycalledyoubeforeDavidcamehome?
HadJohnwrittena letterbeforeSusancalledhim?
Hadthe boysdonethe homeworkbeforetheir mothertoldthem to do it?

 

We can also start using When:

Simple PastPast Perfect
WhenSubjectVerb in Simple PastComplement,Auxiliary HadSubjectVerb in past participleComplement?
Whenyougotthere, hadyoulefthome?
WhenDavidcamehome,hadMarycalledyou?
WhenSusancalledhim,hadJohnwrittena letter?
Whentheir mothertoldthe boys to do the homework,hadtheydoneit?

 

Now, look at the short answers:

PositiveNegative
Yes, I had.No, I hadn’t.
Yes, he had.No, he hadn’t.
Yes, she had.No, she hadn’t.
Yes, they had.No, they hadn’t.

Quiz

Canada’s judiciary

Instructions: Change the following sentences to the interrogative form:

  1. ? There had been important laws before Canada’s judiciary was created.
  2. ? Canada’s judiciary had played an important role in interpreting laws before Acts of Parliament existed.
  3. ? The Supreme Court of Canada had been the highest court and final arbiter before the Chief Justice Beverley McLachlin had the power.
  4. ? Its nine members had been appointed by the governor general before the prime minister and minister of justice gave advice.
  5. ? The federal Cabinet had appointed for justiced to superior courts in the provincial and territorial jurisdictions.
done Check

Quiz

Common law

Instructions: Make questions with the following prompts:

  1. the Constitution of Canada / be / the supreme law of the country last century? ?
  2. the Constitution of Canada / be / consisted of written text and unwritten conventions? ?
  3. the Constitution Act, 1867 / affirm / governance based on parlamentary precedents? ?
  4. the Statute of Westminster, 1931 / grant / full autonomy? ?
  5. the Constitution Act, 1982 / end / all legislative ties to the UK? ?
done Check

Evaluation

Common law

Instructions: Choose the right options in the following questions.

  1. Had / Has Common law prevailed everywhere except in Quebec?
  2. Had the civil law predominate / predominated in Quebec?
  3. Had / Have the Criminal law been solely a federal responsibility?
  4. Had Law enforcement, including criminal courts, been / be officially a provincial responsibility?
  5. Has / Had policing responsilibities been contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police?
done Check
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